Snow blocks shaped into an X stained with red smoke grenades by Canadian soldiers and airmen training to signal rescue aircraft, at the Crystal City training facility in Resolute Bay, Nunavut, Canada. Inuit Rangers are a part of the training of all soldiers who come through the Arctic training program. Signalling in the Arctic is one of the most important means of communications. The foundation of landmarks for communicating in the Arctic at distances comes from the Inuit Inukshuk, which is an ancient device used for navigation, as a point of reference, a marker for travel routes, fishing places, camps, hunting grounds marker and is made of a stack of stones resembling a human figure which provides a geographic marker in one of the most challenging and extreme environments on earth.